The following code example is taken from the book
C++ Templates - The Complete Guide
by David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis, Addison-Wesley, 2002
© Copyright David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis 2002
#include <vector>
#include <stdexcept>
template <typename T, typename CONT = std::vector<T> >
class Stack {
private:
CONT elems; // elements
public:
void push(T const&); // push element
void pop(); // pop element
T top() const; // return top element
bool empty() const { // return whether the stack is empty
return elems.empty();
}
};
template <typename T, typename CONT>
void Stack<T,CONT>::push (T const& elem)
{
elems.push_back(elem); // append copy of passed elem
}
template <typename T, typename CONT>
void Stack<T,CONT>::pop ()
{
if (elems.empty()) {
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::pop(): empty stack");
}
elems.pop_back(); // remove last element
}
template <typename T, typename CONT>
T Stack<T,CONT>::top () const
{
if (elems.empty()) {
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::top(): empty stack");
}
return elems.back(); // return copy of last element
}