The following code example is taken from the book
Object-Oriented Programming in C++
by Nicolai M. Josuttis, Wiley, 2002
© Copyright Nicolai M. Josuttis 2002
#include <vector>
#include <stdexcept>
// **** BEGIN namespace CPPBook ********************************
namespace CPPBook {
template <typename T, typename CONT = std::vector<T> >
class Stack {
private:
CONT elems; // elements
public:
Stack(); // constructor
void push(const T&); // store new top element
void pop(); // remove top element
T top() const; // return top element
};
// constructor
template <typename T, typename CONT>
Stack<T,CONT>::Stack()
{
// nothing more to do
}
template <typename T, typename CONT>
void Stack<T,CONT>::push(const T& elem)
{
elems.push_back(elem); // store copy as new top element
}
template <typename T, typename CONT>
void Stack<T,CONT>::pop()
{
if (elems.empty()) {
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::pop(): empty stack");
}
elems.pop_back(); // remove top element
}
template <typename T, typename CONT>
T Stack<T,CONT>::top() const
{
if (elems.empty()) {
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::top(): empty stack");
}
return elems.back(); // return top element
}
} // **** END namespace CPPBook ********************************